Question # 1 When learning algorithms, such as RSA, it is important to understand the mathematics being used. In RSA, the number of positive integers less than or equal to some number is critical in key generation. The number of positive integers less than or equal to n that are coprime to n is called ______. A. Mersenne's number
B. Fermat's number
C. Euler's totient
D. Fermat's prime
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C. Euler's totient
Question # 2 With Cipher-block chaining (CBC) what happens? A. The block cipher is turned into a stream cipher
B. The message is divided into blocks and each block is encrypted separately. This is the most basic mode for symmetric encryption
C. Each block of plaintext is XORed with the previous ciphertext block before being encrypted
D. The cipher text from the current round is XORed with the plaintext for the next round
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C. Each block of plaintext is XORed with the previous ciphertext block before being encrypted
Answer Description In CBC mode, each block of plaintext is XORed with the previous ciphertext block before being encrypted. This way, each ciphertext block depends on all plaintext blocks processed up to that point. To make each message unique, an initialization vector must be used in the first block.
Question # 3 Bruce Schneier is a well-known and highly respected cryptographer. He has developed several pseudo random number generators as well as worked on teams developing symmetric ciphers. Which one of the following is a symmetric block cipher designed in 1993 by Bruce Schneier team that is unpatented? A. PegasusB. BlowfishC. SHA1D. AES
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B. BlowfishQuestion # 4 Network of trusted certificate authority servers. Use asymmetric key pairs and combines software, encryption and services to provide a means of protecting security of business communication and transactions. A. PKIB. GOSTC. CA
D. PIKE
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A. PKI
Answer Description A public key infrastructure (PKI) is a set of roles, policies, hardware, software and procedures needed to create, manage, distribute, use, store and revoke digital certificates and manage public-key encryption. The purpose of a PKI is to facilitate the secure electronic transfer of information for a range of network activities such as e-commerce, internet banking and confidential email. It is required for activities where simple passwords are an inadequate authentication method and more rigorous proof is required to confirm the identity of the parties involved in the communication and to validate the information being transferred.
Question # 5 If the round function is a cryptographically secure pseudorandom function, then ___rounds is sufficient to make it a "strong" pseudorandom permutation. A. 15B. 16C. 3D. 4
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D. 4Question # 6 How does Kerberos generate the first secret key in the authentication process?
A. By generating a random AES key
B. By creating a hash of the user password
C. By hashing the user ID, network ID. and salt
D. By using the user's public key
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B. By creating a hash of the user password
Question # 7 Which of the following is required for a hash?
A. Not vulnerable to a brute force attack
B. Few collisions
C. Must use SALT
D. Not reversible
E. Variable length input, fixed length output
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D. Not reversible
E. Variable length input, fixed length output
Answer Description A hash function is any function that can be used to map data of arbitrary size to fixed-size values. The values returned by a hash function are called hash values, hash codes, digests, or simply hashes. The values are used to index a fixed-size table called a hash table. Use of a hash function to index a hash table is called hashing or scatter storage addressing.
Question # 8 Which of the following areas is considered a strength of symmetric key cryptography when compared with asymmetric algorithms? A. Key distribution
B. SecurityC. ScalabilityD. Speed
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D. Speed
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