A penetration test consists of three phases: pre-attack phase, attack phase, and postattack  phase   
                                         
Active reconnaissance which includes activities such as network mapping, web profiling,
and perimeter mapping is a part which phase(s)?

Identify the transition mechanism to deploy IPv6 on the IPv4 network from the following
diagram.

In the example of a /etc/passwd file below,what does the bold letter string indicate?
nomad:HrLNrZ3VS3TF2:501:100: Simple Nomad:/home/nomad:/bin/bash

Identify the type of testing that is carried out without giving any information to the
employees or administrative head of the organization.

In the process of hacking a web application, attackers manipulate the HTTP requests to
subvert the application authorization schemes by modifying input fields that relate to the
user ID, username, access group, cost, file names, file identifiers,etc. They first access the
web application using a low privileged account and then escalate privileges to access
protected resources. What attack has been carried out?

Which vulnerability assessment phase describes the scope of the assessment, identifies
and ranks the critical assets, and creates proper information protection procedures such as
effective planning, scheduling, coordination, and logistics?

John, the penetration tester in a pen test firm, was asked to find whether NTP services are
opened on the target network (10.0.0.7) using Nmap tool.

Which one of the following Nmap commands will he use to findit?

By default, the TFTP server listenson UDP port 69. Which of the following utility reports the
port status of target TCP and UDP ports on a local or a remote computer and is used to
troubleshoot TCP/IP connectivity issues?