Question # 1 A manufacturer has hired a third-party consultant to assess the security of an OT network that includes both fragile and legacy equipment Which of the following must be considered to ensure the consultant does no harm to operations?
A. Employing Nmap
Scripting Engine scanning techniques B. Preserving the state
of PLC ladder logic prior to scanning C. Using passive instead
of active vulnerability scans D. Running scans during
off-peak manufacturing hours
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C. Using passive instead
of active vulnerability scans
Answer Description In environments with fragile and legacy equipment, passive scanning is preferred to prevent any potential disruptions that active scanning might cause. When assessing the security of an Operational Technology (OT) network, especially one
with fragile and legacy equipment, it's crucial to use passive instead of active vulnerability scans. Active scanning can sometimes disrupt the operation of sensitive or older equipment. Passive scanning listens to network traffic without sending probing requests, thus minimizing the risk of disruption.
Question # 2 A Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) has determined through lessons learned and an associated after-action report that staff members who use legacy applications do not adequately understand how to differentiate between non-malicious emails and phishing emails. Which of the following should the CISO include in an action plan to remediate this issue? A. Awareness training and educationB. Replacement of legacy applicationsC. Organizational governanceD. Multifactor authentication on all systems
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A. Awareness training and education
Question # 3 An organization has experienced a breach of customer transactions. Under the terms of PCI DSS, which of the following groups should the organization report the breach to? A. PCI Security Standards Council B. Local law enforcement C. Federal law enforcement D. Card issuer
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D. Card issuer
Answer Description Explanation:
Under the terms of PCI DSS, an organization that has experienced a breach of customer transactions should report the breach to the card issuer. The card issuer is the financial institution that issues the payment cards to the customers and that is responsible for authorizing and processing the transactions. The card issuer may have specific reporting requirements and procedures for the organization to follow in the event of a breach. The organization should also notify other parties that may be affected by the breach, such as customers, law enforcement, or regulators, depending on the nature and scope of the breach. Official References: https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/
Question # 4 Which Of the following techniques would be best to provide the necessary assurance for embedded software that drives centrifugal pumps at a power Plant? A. Containerization B. Manual code reviews C. Static and dynamic
analysis D. Formal methods E. D
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D. Formal methods
Answer Description According to the CompTIA CySA+ Study Guide: Exam CS0-003, 3rd Edition1, the best technique to provide the necessary assurance for embedded software that drives centrifugal pumps at a power plant is formal methods. Formal methods are a rigorous and mathematical approach to software development and verification, which can ensure the correctness and reliability of critical software systems. Formal methods can be used to specify, design, implement, and verify embedded software using formal languages, logics, and tools1.
Containerization, manual code reviews, and static and dynamic analysis are also useful techniques for software assurance, but they are not as rigorous or comprehensive as formal methods. Containerization is a method of isolating and packaging software applications with their dependencies, which can improve security, portability, and scalability. Manual code reviews are a process of examining the source code of a software program by human reviewers, which can help identify errors, vulnerabilities, and compliance issues. Static and dynamic analysis are techniques of testing and evaluating
software without executing it (static) or while executing it (dynamic), which can help detect bugs, defects, and performance issues1.
Question # 5 An organization conducted a web application vulnerability assessment against the corporate website, and the following output was observed:
Which of the following tuning recommendations should the security analyst share?
A. Set an HttpOnly flag to force communication by HTTPSB. Block requests without an X-Frame-Options headerC. Configure an Access-Control-Allow-Origin header to authorized domainsD. Disable the cross-origin resource sharing header
Click for Answer
B. Block requests without an X-Frame-Options header
Question # 6 An employee is no longer able to log in to an account after updating a browser. The employee usually has several tabs open in the browser. Which of the following attacks was most likely performed? A. RFIB. LFIC. CSRFD. XSS
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C. CSRF
Question # 7 A SOC analyst determined that a significant number of the reported alarms could be closed after removing the duplicates. Which of the following could help the analyst reduce the number of alarms with the least effort?
A. SOAR B. API C. XDR D. REST
Click for Answer
A. SOAR
Answer Description Security Orchestration, Automation, and Response (SOAR) can help the SOC analyst reduce the number of alarms by automating the process of removing duplicates and managing security alerts more efficiently. SOAR platforms enable security teams to define, prioritize, and standardize response procedures, which helps in reducing the workload and improving the overall efficiency of incident response by handling repetitive and low-level tasks automatically.
Question # 8 A security analyst has identified a new malware file that has impacted the organization. The malware is polymorphic and has built-in conditional triggers that require a connection to the internet. The CPU has an idle process of at least 70%. Which of the following best describes how the security analyst can effectively review the malware without compromising the organization's network? A. Utilize an RDP session on an unused workstation to evaluate the malware. B. Disconnect and utilize an existing infected asset off the network. C. Create a virtual host for testing on the security analyst workstation. D. Subscribe to an online service to create a sandbox environment.
Click for Answer
D. Subscribe to an online service to create a sandbox environment.
Answer Description Explanation:
A sandbox environment is a safe and isolated way to analyze malware without affecting the organization’s network. An online service can provide a sandbox environment without requiring the security analyst to set up a virtual host or use an RDP session. Disconnecting and using an existing infected asset is risky and may not provide accurate results. References: Malware Analysis: Steps & Examples, Dynamic Analysis
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