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Databricks-Certified-Professional-Data-Engineer Practice Questions

Question # 1
All records from an Apache Kafka producer are being ingested into a single Delta Lake table with the following schema: key BINARY, value BINARY, topic STRING, partition LONG, offset LONG, timestamp LONG There are 5 unique topics being ingested. Only the "registration" topic contains Personal Identifiable Information (PII). The company wishes to restrict access to PII. The company also wishes to only retain records containing PII in this table for 14 days after initial ingestion. However, for non-PII information, it would like to retain these records indefinitely. Which of the following solutions meets the requirements?
A. All data should be deleted biweekly; Delta Lake's time travel functionality should be leveraged to maintain a history of non-PII information.
B. Data should be partitioned by the registration field, allowing ACLs and delete statements to be set for the PII directory.
C. Because the value field is stored as binary data, this information is not considered PII and no special precautions should be taken.
D. Separate object storage containers should be specified based on the partition field, allowing isolation at the storage level.
E. Data should be partitioned by the topic field, allowing ACLs and delete statements to leverage partition boundaries.
Explanation:

Partitioning the data by the topic field allows the company to apply different access control policies and retention policies for different topics. For example, the company can use the Table Access Control feature to grant or revoke permissions to the registration topic based on user roles or groups. The company can also use the DELETE command to remove records from the registration topic that are older than 14 days, while keeping the records from other topics indefinitely. Partitioning by the topic field also improves the performance of queries that filter by the topic field, as they can skip reading irrelevant partitions.

References:

Table Access Control: https://docs.databricks.com/security/access-control/tableacls/index.html

DELETE: https://docs.databricks.com/delta/delta-update.html#delete-from-a-table



Question # 2
Incorporating unit tests into a PySpark application requires upfront attention to the design of your jobs, or a potentially significant refactoring of existing code. Which statement describes a main benefit that offset this additional effort?
A. Improves the quality of your data
B. Validates a complete use case of your application
C. Troubleshooting is easier since all steps are isolated and tested individually
D. Yields faster deployment and execution times
E. Ensures that all steps interact correctly to achieve the desired end result


A. Improves the quality of your data



Question # 3
Two of the most common data locations on Databricks are the DBFS root storage and external object storage mounted with dbutils.fs.mount(). Which of the following statements is correct?
A. DBFS is a file system protocol that allows users to interact with files stored in object storage using syntax and guarantees similar to Unix file systems.
B. By default, both the DBFS root and mounted data sources are only accessible to workspace administrators.
C. The DBFS root is the most secure location to store data, because mounted storage volumes must have full public read and write permissions.
D. Neither the DBFS root nor mounted storage can be accessed when using %sh in a Databricks notebook.
E. The DBFS root stores files in ephemeral block volumes attached to the driver, while mounted directories will always persist saved data to external storage between sessions.


A. DBFS is a file system protocol that allows users to interact with files stored in object storage using syntax and guarantees similar to Unix file systems.

Explanation:

DBFS is a file system protocol that allows users to interact with files stored in object storage using syntax and guarantees similar to Unix file systems1. DBFS is not a physical file system, but a layer over the object storage that provides a unified view of data across different data sources1. By default, the DBFS root is accessible to all users in the workspace, and the access to mounted data sources depends on the permissions of the storage account or container2. Mounted storage volumes do not need to have full public read and write permissions, but they do require a valid connection string or access key to be provided when mounting3. Both the DBFS root and mounted storage can be accessed when using %sh in a Databricks notebook, as long as the cluster has FUSE enabled4. The DBFS root does not store files in ephemeral block volumes attached to the driver, but in the object storage associated with the workspace1. Mounted directories will persist saved data to external storage between sessions, unless they are unmounted or deleted3. References: DBFS, Work with files on Azure Databricks, Mounting cloud object storage on Azure Databricks, Access DBFS with FUSE


Question # 4
Assuming that the Databricks CLI has been installed and configured correctly, which Databricks CLI command can be used to upload a custom Python Wheel to object storage mounted with the DBFS for use with a production job?
A. configure
B. fs
C. jobs
D. libraries
E. workspace


B. fs

Explanation:

The libraries command group allows you to install, uninstall, and list libraries on Databricks clusters. You can use the libraries install command to install a custom Python Wheel on a cluster by specifying the --whl option and the path to the wheel file. For example, you can use the following command to install a custom Python Wheel named mylib-0.1-py3-none-any.whl on a cluster with the id 1234-567890-abcde123: databricks libraries install --cluster-id 1234-567890-abcde123 --whl dbfs:/mnt/mylib/mylib0.1-py3-none-any.whl This will upload the custom Python Wheel to the cluster and make it available for use with a production job. You can also use the libraries uninstall command to uninstall a library from a cluster, and the libraries list command to list the libraries installed on a cluster.

References:

Libraries CLI (legacy):

https://docs.databricks.com/en/archive/devtools/cli/libraries-cli.html

Library operations:

https://docs.databricks.com/en/devtools/cli/commands.html#library-operations

Install or update the Databricks CLI:

https://docs.databricks.com/en/devtools/cli/install.html



Question # 5
An upstream system is emitting change data capture (CDC) logs that are being written to a cloud object storage directory. Each record in the log indicates the change type (insert, update, or delete) and the values for each field after the change. The source table has a primary key identified by the field pk_id. For auditing purposes, the data governance team wishes to maintain a full record of all values that have ever been valid in the source system. For analytical purposes, only the most recent value for each record needs to be recorded. The Databricks job to ingest these records occurs once per hour, but each individual record may have changed multiple times over the course of an hour. Which solution meets these requirements?
A. Create a separate history table for each pk_id resolve the current state of the table by running a union all filtering the history tables for the most recent state.
B. Use merge into to insert, update, or delete the most recent entry for each pk_id into a bronze table, then propagate all changes throughout the system.
C. Iterate through an ordered set of changes to the table, applying each in turn; rely on Delta Lake's versioning ability to create an audit log.
D. Use Delta Lake's change data feed to automatically process CDC data from an external system, propagating all changes to all dependent tables in the Lakehouse.
E. Ingest all log information into a bronze table; use merge into to insert, update, or delete the most recent entry for each pk_id into a silver table to recreate the current table state.


B. Use merge into to insert, update, or delete the most recent entry for each pk_id into a bronze table, then propagate all changes throughout the system.

Explanation:

This is the correct answer because it meets the requirements of maintaining a full record of all values that have ever been valid in the source system and recreating the current table state with only the most recent value for each record. The code ingests all log information into a bronze table, which preserves the raw CDC data as it is. Then, it uses merge into to perform an upsert operation on a silver table, which means it will insert new records or update or delete existing records based on the change type and the pk_id columns.

This way, the silver table will always reflect the current state of the source table, while the bronze table will keep the history of all changes. Verified References: [Databricks Certified Data Engineer Professional], under “Delta Lake” section; Databricks Documentation, under “Upsert into a table using merge” section.



Question # 6
A CHECK constraint has been successfully added to the Delta table named activity_details using the following logic:

A batch job is attempting to insert new records to the table, including a record where latitude = 45.50 and longitude = 212.67.

Which statement describes the outcome of this batch insert?

A. The write will fail when the violating record is reached; any records previously processed will be recorded to the target table.
B. The write will fail completely because of the constraint violation and no records will be inserted into the target table.
C. The write will insert all records except those that violate the table constraints; the violating records will be recorded to a quarantine table.
D. The write will include all records in the target table; any violations will be indicated in the boolean column named valid_coordinates.
E. The write will insert all records except those that violate the table constraints; the violating records will be reported in a warning log.


B. The write will fail completely because of the constraint violation and no records will be inserted into the target table.

Explanation:

The CHECK constraint is used to ensure that the data inserted into the table meets the specified conditions. In this case, the CHECK constraint is used to ensure that the latitude and longitude values are within the specified range. If the data does not meet the specified conditions, the write operation will fail completely and no records will be inserted into the target table. This is because Delta Lake supports ACID transactions, which means that either all the data is written or none of it is written. Therefore, the batch insert will fail when it encounters a record that violates the constraint, and the target table will not be updated.

References:

Constraints:

https://docs.delta.io/latest/delta-constraints.html

ACID Transactions:

https://docs.delta.io/latest/delta-intro.html#acid-transactions



Question # 7
A data engineer needs to capture pipeline settings from an existing in the workspace, and use them to create and version a JSON file to create a new pipeline. Which command should the data engineer enter in a web terminal configured with the Databricks CLI?
A. Use the get command to capture the settings for the existing pipeline; remove the pipeline_id and rename the pipeline; use this in a create command
B. Stop the existing pipeline; use the returned settings in a reset command
C. Use the alone command to create a copy of an existing pipeline; use the get JSON command to get the pipeline definition; save this to git
D. Use list pipelines to get the specs for all pipelines; get the pipeline spec from the return results parse and use this to create a pipeline


A. Use the get command to capture the settings for the existing pipeline; remove the pipeline_id and rename the pipeline; use this in a create command

Explanation:

The Databricks CLI provides a way to automate interactions with Databricks services. When dealing with pipelines, you can use the databricks pipelines get -- pipeline-id command to capture the settings of an existing pipeline in JSON format. This JSON can then be modified by removing the pipeline_id to prevent conflicts and renaming the pipeline to create a new pipeline. The modified JSON file can then be used with the databricks pipelines create command to create a new pipeline with those settings.

References:

Databricks Documentation on CLI for Pipelines: Databricks CLI - Pipelines



Question # 8
A Delta Lake table representing metadata about content posts from users has the following schema: user_id LONG, post_text STRING, post_id STRING, longitude FLOAT, latitude FLOAT, post_time TIMESTAMP, date DATE This table is partitioned by the date column. A query is run with the following filter: longitude < 20 & longitude > -20 Which statement describes how data will be filtered?
A. Statistics in the Delta Log will be used to identify partitions that might Include files in the filtered range.
B. No file skipping will occur because the optimizer does not know the relationship between the partition column and the longitude.
C. The Delta Engine will use row-level statistics in the transaction log to identify the flies that meet the filter criteria.
D. Statistics in the Delta Log will be used to identify data files that might include records in the filtered range.
E. The Delta Engine will scan the parquet file footers to identify each row that meets the filter criteria.


D. Statistics in the Delta Log will be used to identify data files that might include records in the filtered range.

Explanation:

This is the correct answer because it describes how data will be filtered when a query is run with the following filter: longitude < 20 & longitude > -20. The query is run on a Delta Lake table that has the following schema: user_id LONG, post_text STRING, post_id STRING, longitude FLOAT, latitude FLOAT, post_time TIMESTAMP, date DATE. This table is partitioned by the date column. When a query is run on a partitioned Delta Lake table, Delta Lake uses statistics in the Delta Log to identify data files that might include records in the filtered range. The statistics include information such as min and max values for each column in each data file. By using these statistics, Delta Lake can skip reading data files that do not match the filter condition, which can improve query performance and reduce I/O costs.

Verified References: [Databricks Certified Data Engineer Professional], under “Delta Lake” section; Databricks Documentation, under “Data skipping” section.



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