Question # 1 A Generative AI Engineer has created a RAG application which can help employees retrieve answers from an internal knowledge base, such as Confluence pages or Google Drive. The prototype application is now working with some positive feedback from internal company testers. Now the Generative Al Engineer wants to formally evaluate the system’s performance and understand where to focus their efforts to further improve the system. How should the Generative AI Engineer evaluate the system? A. Use cosine similarity score to comprehensively evaluate the quality of the final generated answers.B. Curate a dataset that can test the retrieval and generation components of the system separately. Use MLflow’s built in evaluation metrics to perform the evaluation on the retrieval and generation components.C. Benchmark multiple LLMs with the same data and pick the best LLM for the job.D. Use an LLM-as-a-judge to evaluate the quality of the final answers generated.
Click for Answer
B. Curate a dataset that can test the retrieval and generation components of the system separately. Use MLflow’s built in evaluation metrics to perform the evaluation on the retrieval and generation components.
Answer Description Explanation:
Problem Context: After receiving positive feedback for the RAG application prototype, the next step is to formally evaluate the system to pinpoint areas for improvement.
Explanation of Options:
Option A: While cosine similarity scores are useful, they primarily measure similarity rather than the overall performance of an RAG system.
Option B: This option provides a systematic approach to evaluation by testing both retrieval and generation components separately. This allows for targeted improvements and a clear understanding of each component's performance, using MLflow’s metrics for a structured and standardized assessment.
Option C: Benchmarking multiple LLMs does not focus on evaluating the existing system’s components but rather on comparing different models.
Option D: Using an LLM as a judge is subjective and less reliable for systematic performance evaluation.
OptionBis the most comprehensive and structured approach, facilitating precise evaluations and improvements on specific components of the RAG system.
Question # 2 A Generative AI Engineer has a provisioned throughput model serving endpoint as part of a RAG application and would like to monitor the serving endpoint’s incoming requests and outgoing responses. The current approach is to include a micro-service in between the endpoint and the user interface to write logs to a remote server. Which Databricks feature should they use instead which will perform the same task? A. Vector SearchB. LakeviewC. DBSQLD. Inference Tables
Click for Answer
D. Inference Tables
Answer Description Explanation: Problem Context: The goal is to monitor theserving endpointfor incoming requests and outgoing responses in aprovisioned throughput model serving endpointwithin aRetrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) application. The current approach involves using a microservice to log requests and responses to a remote server, but the Generative AI Engineer is looking for a more streamlined solution within Databricks.
Explanation of Options:
Option A: Vector Search: This feature is used to perform similarity searches within vector databases. It doesn’t provide functionality for logging or monitoring requests and responses in a serving endpoint, so it’s not applicable here.
Option B: Lakeview: Lakeview is not a feature relevant to monitoring or logging request-response cycles for serving endpoints. It might be more related to viewing data in Databricks Lakehouse but doesn’t fulfill the specific monitoring requirement.
Option C: DBSQL: Databricks SQL (DBSQL) is used for running SQL queries on data stored in Databricks, primarily for analytics purposes. It doesn’t provide the direct functionality needed to monitor requests and responses in real-time for an inference endpoint.
Option D: Inference Tables: This is the correct answer.Inference Tablesin Databricks are designed to store the results and metadata of inference runs. This allows the system to logincoming requests and outgoing responsesdirectly within Databricks, making it an ideal choice for monitoring the behavior of a provisioned serving endpoint. Inference Tables can be queried and analyzed, enabling easier monitoring and debugging compared to a custom microservice.
Thus,Inference Tablesare the optimal feature for monitoring request and response logs within the Databricks infrastructure for a model serving endpoint.
Question # 3 A Generative AI Engineer just deployed an LLM application at a digital marketing company that assists with answering customer service inquiries. Which metric should they monitor for their customer service LLM application in production? A. Number of customer inquiries processed per unit of timeB. Energy usage per queryC. Final perplexity scores for the training of the modelD. HuggingFace Leaderboard values for the base LLM
Click for Answer
A. Number of customer inquiries processed per unit of time
Answer Description Explanation:
When deploying an LLM application for customer service inquiries, the primary focus is on measuring the operational efficiency and quality of the responses. Here's whyAis the correct metric:
Number of customer inquiries processed per unit of time: This metric tracks the throughput of the customer service system, reflecting how many customer inquiries the LLM application can handle in a given time period (e.g., per minute or hour). High throughput is crucial in customer service applications where quick response times are essential to user satisfaction and business efficiency.
Real-time performance monitoring: Monitoring the number of queries processed is an important part of ensuring that the model is performing well under load, especially during peak traffic times. It also helps ensure the system scales properly to meet demand.
Why other options are not ideal:
B. Energy usage per query: While energy efficiency is a consideration, it is not the primary concern for a customer-facing application where user experience (i.e., fast and accurate responses) is critical.
C. Final perplexity scores for the training of the model: Perplexity is a metric for model training, but it doesn't reflect the real-time operational performance of an LLM in production.
D. HuggingFace Leaderboard values for the base LLM: The HuggingFace Leaderboard is more relevant during model selection and benchmarking. However, it is not a direct measure of the model's performance in a specific customer service application in production.
Focusing on throughput (inquiries processed per unit time) ensures that the LLM application is meeting business needs for fast and efficient customer service responses.
Question # 4 A Generative AI Engineer developed an LLM application using the provisioned throughput Foundation Model API. Now that the application is ready to be deployed, they realize their volume of requests are not sufficiently high enough to create their own provisioned throughput endpoint. They want to choose a strategy that ensures the best cost-effectiveness for their application. What strategy should the Generative AI Engineer use? A. Switch to using External Models insteadB. Deploy the model using pay-per-token throughput as it comes with cost guaranteesC. Change to a model with a fewer number of parameters in order to reduce hardware constraint issuesD. Throttle the incoming batch of requests manually to avoid rate limiting issues
Click for Answer
B. Deploy the model using pay-per-token throughput as it comes with cost guarantees
Answer Description Explanation:
Problem Context: The engineer needs a cost-effective deployment strategy for an LLM application with relatively low request volume.
Explanation of Options:
Option A: Switching to external models may not provide the required control or integration necessary for specific application needs.
Option B: Using a pay-per-token model is cost-effective, especially for applications with variable or low request volumes, as it aligns costs directly with usage.
Option C: Changing to a model with fewer parameters could reduce costs, but might also impact the performance and capabilities of the application.
Option D: Manually throttling requests is a less efficient and potentially error-prone strategy for managing costs.
OptionBis ideal, offering flexibility and cost control, aligning expenses directly with the application's usage patterns.
Question # 5 A Generative AI Engineer is creating an LLM-powered application that will need access to up-to-date news articles and stock prices. The design requires the use of stock prices which are stored in Delta tables and finding the latest relevant news articles by searching the internet. How should the Generative AI Engineer architect their LLM system? A. Use an LLM to summarize the latest news articles and lookup stock tickers from the summaries to find stock prices.B. Query the Delta table for volatile stock prices and use an LLM to generate a search query to investigate potential causes of the stock volatility.C. Download and store news articles and stock price information in a vector store. Use a RAG architecture to retrieve and generate at runtime.D. Create an agent with tools for SQL querying of Delta tables and web searching, provide retrieved values to an LLM for generation of response.
Click for Answer
D. Create an agent with tools for SQL querying of Delta tables and web searching, provide retrieved values to an LLM for generation of response.
Answer Description Explanation:
To build an LLM-powered system that accesses up-to-date news articles and stock prices, the best approach is tocreate an agentthat has access to specific tools (option D).
Agent with SQL and Web Search Capabilities:By using an agent-based architecture, the LLM can interact with external tools. The agent can query Delta tables (for up-to-date stock prices) via SQL and perform web searches to retrieve the latest news articles. This modular approach ensures the system can access both structured (stock prices) and unstructured (news) data sources dynamically.
Why This Approach Works:
SQL Queries for Stock Prices: Delta tables store stock prices, which the agent can query directly for the latest data.
Web Search for News: For news articles, the agent can generate search queries and retrieve the most relevant and recent articles, then pass them to the LLM for processing.
Why Other Options Are Less Suitable:
A (Summarizing News for Stock Prices): This convoluted approach would not ensure accuracy when retrieving stock prices, which are already structured and stored in Delta tables.
B (Stock Price Volatility Queries): While this could retrieve relevant information, it doesn't address how to obtain the most up-to-date news articles.
C (Vector Store): Storing news articles and stock prices in a vector store might not capture the real-time nature of stock data and news updates, as it relies on pre-existing data rather than dynamic querying.
Thus, using an agent with access to both SQL for querying stock prices and web search for retrieving news articles is the best approach for ensuring up-to-date and accurate responses.
Question # 6 A Generative AI Engineer has created a RAG application which can help employees retrieve answers from an internal knowledge base, such as Confluence pages or Google Drive. The prototype application is now working with some positive feedback from internal company testers. Now the Generative Al Engineer wants to formally evaluate the system’s performance and understand where to focus their efforts to further improve the system. How should the Generative AI Engineer evaluate the system? A. Use cosine similarity score to comprehensively evaluate the quality of the final generated answers.B. Curate a dataset that can test the retrieval and generation components of the system separately. Use MLflow’s built in evaluation metrics to perform the evaluation on the retrieval and generation components.C. Benchmark multiple LLMs with the same data and pick the best LLM for the job.D. Use an LLM-as-a-judge to evaluate the quality of the final answers generated.
Click for Answer
B. Curate a dataset that can test the retrieval and generation components of the system separately. Use MLflow’s built in evaluation metrics to perform the evaluation on the retrieval and generation components.
Answer Description Explanation:
Problem Context: After receiving positive feedback for the RAG application prototype, the next step is to formally evaluate the system to pinpoint areas for improvement.
Explanation of Options:
Option A: While cosine similarity scores are useful, they primarily measure similarity rather than the overall performance of an RAG system.
Option B: This option provides a systematic approach to evaluation by testing both retrieval and generation components separately. This allows for targeted improvements and a clear understanding of each component's performance, using MLflow’s metrics for a structured and standardized assessment.
Option C: Benchmarking multiple LLMs does not focus on evaluating the existing system’s components but rather on comparing different models.
Option D: Using an LLM as a judge is subjective and less reliable for systematic performance evaluation.
OptionBis the most comprehensive and structured approach, facilitating precise evaluations and improvements on specific components of the RAG system.
Question # 7 What is an effective method to preprocess prompts using custom code before sending them to an LLM? A. Directly modify the LLM’s internal architecture to include preprocessing stepsB. It is better not to introduce custom code to preprocess prompts as the LLM has not been trained with examples of the preprocessed promptsC. Rather than preprocessing prompts, it’s more effective to postprocess the LLM outputs to align the outputs to desired outcomesD. Write a MLflow PyFunc model that has a separate function to process the prompts
Click for Answer
D. Write a MLflow PyFunc model that has a separate function to process the prompts
Answer Description Explanation:
The most effective way to preprocess prompts using custom code is to write a custom model, such as anMLflow PyFunc model. Here’s a breakdown of why this is the correct approach:
MLflow PyFunc Models: MLflow is a widely used platform for managing the machine learning lifecycle, including experimentation, reproducibility, and deployment. APyFuncmodel is a generic Python function model that can implement custom logic, which includes preprocessing prompts.
Preprocessing Prompts: Preprocessing could include various tasks like cleaning up the user input, formatting it according to specific rules, or augmenting it with additional context before passing it to the LLM. Writing this preprocessing as part of a PyFunc model allows the custom code to be managed, tested, and deployed easily.
Modular and Reusable: By separating the preprocessing logic into a PyFunc model, the system becomes modular, making it easier to maintain and update without needing to modify the core LLM or retrain it.
Why Other Options Are Less Suitable:
A (Modify LLM’s Internal Architecture): Directly modifying the LLM's architecture is highly impractical and can disrupt the model’s performance. LLMs are typically treated as black-box models for tasks like prompt processing.
B (Avoid Custom Code): While it’s true that LLMs haven't been explicitly trained with preprocessed prompts, preprocessing can still improve clarity and alignment with desired input formats without confusing the model.
C (Postprocessing Outputs): While postprocessing the output can be useful, it doesn't address the need for clean and well-formatted inputs, which directly affect the quality of the model's responses.
Thus, using an MLflow PyFunc model allows for flexible and controlled preprocessing of prompts in a scalable way, making it the most effective method.
Question # 8 A Generative AI Engineer is building a RAG application that will rely on context retrieved from source documents that are currently in PDF format. These PDFs can contain both text and images. They want to develop a solution using the least amount of lines of code. Which Python package should be used to extract the text from the source documents? A. flaskB. beautifulsoupC. unstructuredD. numpy
Click for Answer
C. unstructured
Answer Description Explanation:
Problem Context: The engineer needs to extract text from PDF documents, which may contain both text and images. The goal is to find a Python package that simplifies this task using the least amount of code.
Explanation of Options:
Option A: flask: Flask is a web framework for Python, not suitable for processing or extracting content from PDFs.
Option B: beautifulsoup: Beautiful Soup is designed for parsing HTML and XML documents, not PDFs.
Option C: unstructured: This Python package is specifically designed to work with unstructured data, including extracting text from PDFs. It provides functionalities to handle various types of content in documents with minimal coding, making it ideal for the task.
Option D: numpy: Numpy is a powerful library for numerical computing in Python and does not provide any tools for text extraction from PDFs.
Given the requirement,Option C(unstructured) is the most appropriate as it directly addresses the need to efficiently extract text from PDF documents with minimal code.
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