A. online blog posts
E. company websites

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

Two key resources that provide information about an organization’s sustainability position and plans are:

Online blog posts (A):Companies frequently use blogs to share their sustainability initiatives, progress, and future goals. These posts often highlight achievements, such as reducing carbon emissions or improving energy efficiency, and communicate their commitment to stakeholders.

Company websites (E):The corporate website is one of the most comprehensive sources of information about a company's sustainability strategy. Organizations often dedicate sections oftheir websites to sustainability, where they detail their environmental policies, sustainability reports, and plans for reducing their environmental impact.

Environmental Sustainability References:

Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). (2020).Corporate Sustainability Communication through Websites and Blogs.

Harvard Business Review. (2021).How Companies Use Digital Platforms to Showcase Sustainability Efforts.

McKinsey & Company. (2021).Communicating Corporate Sustainability: The Role of Digital Channels.

D. European Green Deal

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

The European Green Deal is a comprehensive policy initiative launched by the European Commission in December 2019, with the objective of making the European Union (EU) the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. It serves as the roadmap for transforming the EU's economy and society to become more sustainable by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, decoupling economic growth from resource use, and ensuring a just transition for all citizens. The deal's ambitious goals are aligned with the Paris Agreement to limit global temperature rise.

Key components of the European Green Deal include:

Climate Action: The EU aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels. This is considered a significant step toward reaching net-zero emissions by 2050.

Clean Energy Transition: The Deal encourages the adoption of renewable energy, improvement in energy efficiency, and reducing dependence on fossil fuels.

Circular Economy: The European Green Deal promotes the concept of a circular economy, where resources are reused, recycled, and waste is minimized.

Biodiversity Conservation: It also emphasizes the importance of biodiversity, aiming to restore degraded ecosystems, reduce pollution, and enhance the sustainable management of natural resources.

Sustainable Agriculture and Food: Through initiatives like the Farm to Fork Strategy, the EU is striving to ensure a more sustainable food system by reducing the environmental and climate impact of agriculture.

The European Green Deal is supported by legislative packages such as the "Fit for 55" proposals, which include laws and regulations that guide EU member states in achieving their climate goals. These laws touch upon sectors like energy, transportation, industry, and agriculture.

Environmental Sustainability References:

European Commission. (2019).The European Green Deal.Retrieved from:https://ec.europa.eu/green-deal

European Environment Agency. (2020).The European Green Deal: Success Factors and Challenges.

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). (2020).The Role of the European Green Deal in Climate Action.

C. having 100% product return, repair, remanufacture, refurbish, and recycle

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

Cisco plans to reduce its environmental footprint by implementing a strategy focused on100% product return, repair, remanufacture, refurbish, and recycle. This approach aligns with the principles of thecircular economy, which aims to keep products and materials in use for as long as possible, thereby minimizing waste and resource consumption. By ensuring that products are returned for repair orremanufacturing instead of being discarded, Cisco reduces the need for new raw materials and cuts down on electronic waste, contributing to a more sustainable supply chain.

This commitment also reflects Cisco’s broader goals of reducing carbon emissions, promoting resource efficiency, and fostering sustainability across its product lifecycle.

Environmental Sustainability References:

Cisco. (2022).Circular Economy and Product Lifecycle Strategies for Sustainability.

Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2021).Cisco's Role in the Circular Economy and Reducing Environmental Impact.

World Economic Forum. (2021).Sustainability Through Circular Practices in Technology Companies.

C. Discuss circular economy strategy and goals.

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

When discussing sustainability with a customer, the focus should be on thecircular economy strategy and goals. The circular economy emphasizes reducing waste, reusing materials, and recycling products to minimize environmental impact. This approach aligns with long-term sustainability objectives and helps businesses achieve resource efficiency, reduce carbon footprints, and meet regulatory requirements.

Discussing circular economy strategies allows customers to explore sustainable practices that not only lower environmental impacts but can also reduce costs over time by promoting resource efficiency and longevity in product usage.

Environmental Sustainability References:

Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2021).Circular Economy: Opportunities for Sustainable Business Growth.

World Economic Forum. (2022).Adopting Circular Economy Strategies for Sustainability and Business Resilience.

Cisco. (2021).The Role of Circular Economy in Technology Sustainability Discussions.

C. lowers emissions

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

Hybrid workstrengthens sustainability practices bylowering emissions. By enabling employees to work from home part-time, hybrid work reduces the need for daily commuting, which cuts down on transportation-related carbon emissions. Additionally, with fewer employees in the office at any given time, businesses can reduce energy consumption in office buildings for lighting, heating, cooling, and equipment usage. As companies shift to this model, it promotes a smaller environmental footprint by optimizing both office space and energy use.

Hybrid work also supports sustainable business strategies by encouraging the use of digital tools and cloud-based technologies, further minimizing the environmental impact of physical operations.

Environmental Sustainability References:

International Energy Agency (IEA). (2020).Impact of Remote and Hybrid Work on Reducing Emissions.

World Economic Forum. (2021).How Hybrid Work Models Contribute to Corporate Sustainability.

Cisco. (2021).The Role of Hybrid Work in Reducing Carbon Emissions.

C. Take-Make-Dispose

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

The global economy has historically been based on the"Take-Make-Dispose"model, which is alinear economyapproach. In this model, raw materials are taken from the earth, used to make products, and then disposed of as waste after use. This system leads to a high rate of resource depletion and environmental degradation, contributing to significant waste and pollution problems. The shift toward acircular economyis aimed at moving away from this unsustainable linear model by focusing on reusing, recycling, and reducing waste to create a more sustainable system.

The circular economy encourages keeping materials in use for as long as possible, designing for durability, and minimizing waste.

Environmental Sustainability References:

Ellen MacArthur Foundation. (2021).Circular Economy: Reimagining the "Take-Make-Dispose" Model.

United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). (2020).Transitioning from Linear to Circular Economies for Global Sustainability.

World Economic Forum. (2022).Rethinking Global Supply Chains: From "Take-Make-Dispose" to Circularity.

D. Business Leader

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

ABusiness Leaderrelies onITfor recommendations on technology investments. Business leaders, who focus on driving the overall strategy and performance of the company, often turn to IT leaders for expert guidance on technology solutions that can enhance operations, improve efficiency, and support sustainability goals. IT leaders play a crucial role in identifying, evaluating, and recommending technologies that align with the business's needs and objectives, ensuring that the company stays competitive while meeting its technological and sustainability targets.

Environmental Sustainability References:

Gartner. (2021).The Role of IT in Business Strategy and Decision-Making.

Harvard Business Review. (2020).Business Leaders and the Importance of IT in Strategic Technology Investments.

Cisco. (2021).How IT Leaders Drive Business Sustainability and Innovation.

C. 57%

Answer DescriptionExplanation:

According to the U.S. Department of Energy, lighting and HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems are responsible for approximately57%of a commercial building's total energy costs. These two systems are the primary energy consumers in commercial buildings due to their continuous operation in maintaining comfort and lighting in large spaces. HVAC systems, in particular, consume substantial energy for heating, cooling, and air distribution, while lighting systems are significant because of the large number of fixtures and extensive operating hours.

Energy efficiency measures, such as switching to LED lighting, implementing occupancy-based controls, and upgrading HVAC systems to more energy-efficient models, are common strategies to reduce energy consumption and lower operating costs in commercial buildings.

Environmental Sustainability References:

U.S. Department of Energy. (2021).Energy Efficiency Trends in Commercial Buildings.

Energy Star. (2020).Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey.

American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE). (2020).Reducing Energy Use in Commercial Buildings.