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ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor Practice Questions

Question # 1

After conducting an external audit, the auditor decided that the internal auditor would follow-up on the implementation of corrective actions until the next surveillance audit. Is this acceptable?
A. No, only the external auditor should follow up on the implementation of corrective actions after the completion of the audit
B. Yes, the internal auditor may verify the implementation of corrective actions if it cannot be done by the external auditor
C. Yes, the internal auditor may follow-up on the implementation of corrective actions until a verification from the external auditor during the surveillance audit

C. Yes, the internal auditor may follow-up on the implementation of corrective actions until a verification from the external auditor during the surveillance audit

Explanation:

Yes, it is acceptable for the internal auditor to follow-up on the implementation of corrective actions until verified by the external auditor during the next surveillance audit. This practice supports continuous improvement and ensures that corrective actions are effectively implemented and maintained over time.

References: PECB ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Course Material; ISO/IEC 27001:2013, Clause 9.2 (Internal audit)

Question # 2

The auditor used sampling to ensure that event logs recording information security events are maintained and regularly reviewed. Sampling was based on the audit objectives, whereas the sample selection process was based on the probability theory. What type of sampling was used?
A. Statistical sampling
B. Judgment-based sampling
C. Systematic sampling

A. Statistical sampling

Explanation:
The use of probability theory in the sample selection process indicates that "statistical sampling" was used. Statistical sampling allows auditors to make inferences about the population based on the properties of the sample, relying on the principles of probability to select representative elements.

References: ISO 19011:2018, Guidelines for auditing management systems

Question # 3

During discussions with the individual(s) managing the audit programme of a certification body, the Management System Representative of the client organisation asks for a specific auditor for the certification audit. Select two of the following options for how the individual(s) managing the audit programme should respond.
A. Advise the Management System Representative that his request can be accepted
B. Suggest that the Management System Representative chooses another certification body
C. State that his request will be considered but may not be taken up
D. Suggest asking the certification body management to permit the request
E. Advise the Management System Representative that the audit team selection is a decision that the audit programme manager needs to make based on the resources available

C. State that his request will be considered but may not be taken up
E. Advise the Management System Representative that the audit team selection is a decision that the audit programme manager needs to make based on the resources available

Explanation:

According to ISO/IEC 17021-1, which specifies the requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems, a certification body should ensure that its auditors are competent, impartial, and independent from the auditee organization2. Therefore, if a Management System Representative of a client organization asks for a specific auditor for the certification audit, the individual(s) managing the audit programme should respond in a way that does not compromise these principles or create any conflict of interest or undue influence2. Two possible ways to respond are to state that his request will be considered but may not be taken up, as there may be other factors that affect the auditor selection process; or to advise him that the audit team selection is a decision that the audit programme manager needs to make based on the resources available, such as auditor availability, competence, location, etc2. The other options are not suitable ways to respond in this situation. For example, advising him that his request can be accepted may raise doubts about the objectivity and credibility of the auditor and the certification body; suggesting that he chooses another certification body may imply that his request is unreasonable or unethical; and suggesting asking the certification body management to permit his request may suggest that there is room for negotiation or manipulation in auditor selection2. References: ISO/IEC 17021-1:2015 - Conformity assessment – Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems – Part 1: Requirements

Question # 4

You are conducting a third-party surveillance audit when another member of the audit team approaches you seeking clarification. They have been asked to assess the organisation's application of control 5.7 - Threat Intelligence. They are aware that this is one of the new controls introduced in the 2022 edition of ISO/IEC 27001, and they want to make sure they audit the control correctly. They have prepared a checklist to assist them with their audit and want you to confirm that their planned activities are aligned with the control's requirements. Which three of the following options represent valid audit trails?
A. I will determine whether internal and external sources of information are used in the production of threat intelligence
B. I will ensure that the task of producing threat intelligence is assigned to the organisation's internal audit team
C. I will ensure that the organisation's risk assessment process begins with effective threat intelligence
D. I will check that the organisation has a fully documented threat intelligence process
E. I will check that threat intelligence is actively used to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the organisation's information assets

A. I will determine whether internal and external sources of information are used in the production of threat intelligence
D. I will check that the organisation has a fully documented threat intelligence process
E. I will check that threat intelligence is actively used to protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the organisation's information assets

Explanation:

The options that represent valid audit trails for assessing the organisation's application of control 5.7 - Threat Intelligence, according to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, are:

Option A: I will determine whether internal and external sources of information are used in the production of threat intelligence. This is relevant because effective threat intelligence typically requires gathering information from multiple sources to be comprehensive.

Option D: I will check that the organisation has a fully documented threat intelligence process. Proper documentation is a core requirement in ISO standards to ensure processes are defined, implemented, and maintained consistently.

Option E: I will check that threat intelligence is actively used to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the organisation's information assets. This verifies that the output of threat intelligence is being used effectively within the organisation's information security practices.

Question # 5

Scenario 2: Knight is an electronics company from Northern California, US that develops video game consoles. Knight has more than 300 employees worldwide. On the fifth anniversary of their establishment, they have decided to deliver the G-Console, a new generation video game console aimed for worldwide markets. G-Console is considered to be the ultimate media machine of 2021 which will give the best gaming experience to players. The console pack will include a pair of VR headset, two games, and other gifts. Over the years, the company has developed a good reputation by showing integrity, honesty, and respect toward their customers. This good reputation is one of the reasons why most passionate gamers aim to have Knight's G-console as soon as it is released in the market. Besides being a very customer-oriented company, Knight also gained wide recognition within the gaming industry because of the developing quality. Their prices are a bit higher than the reasonable standards allow. Nonetheless, that is not considered an issue for most loyal customers of Knight, as their quality is top-notch. Being one of the top video game console developers in the world, Knight is also often the center of attention for malicious activities. The company has had an operational ISMS for over a year. The ISMS scope includes all departments of Knight, except Finance and HR departments. Recently, a number of Knight's files containing proprietary information were leaked by hackers. Knight's incident response team (IRT) immediately started to analyze every part of the system and the details of the incident. The IRT's first suspicion was that Knight's employees used weak passwords and consequently were easily cracked by hackers who gained unauthorized access to their accounts. However, after carefully investigating the incident, the IRT determined that hackers accessed accounts by capturing the file transfer protocol (FTP) traffic. FTP is a network protocol for transferring files between accounts. It uses clear text passwords for authentication. Following the impact of this information security incident and with IRT's suggestion, Knight decided to replace the FTP with Secure Shell (SSH) protocol, so anyone capturing the traffic can only see encrypted data. Following these changes, Knight conducted a risk assessment to verify that the implementation of controls had minimized the risk of similar incidents. The results of the process were approved by the ISMS project manager who claimed that the level of risk after the implementation of new controls was in accordance with the company's risk acceptance levels. Based on this scenario, answer the following question: FTP uses clear text passwords for authentication. This is an FTP:
A. Vulnerability
B. Risk
C. Threat

A. Vulnerability

Explanation:

The use of clear text passwords for authentication in FTP is a vulnerability because it is a weakness that can be exploited by threat actors. Clear text passwords can be intercepted easily by network sniffers or through man-in-the-middle attacks, making them a significant security risk1. References: = This explanation is consistent with the understanding of vulnerabilities within the field of information security, particularly as it relates to network protocols like FTP and their associated risks

Question # 6

Which one of the following conclusions in the audit report is not required by the certification body when deciding to grant certification?
A. The corrections taken by the organisation related to major nonconformities have been accepted.
B. The organisation fully complies with all legal and other requirements applicable to the Information Security Management System.
C. The plans to address corrective actions related to minor nonconformities have been accepted
D. The scope of certification has been fulfilled

Explanation:

The conclusion in the audit report that is not required by the certification body when deciding to grant certification is that the organisation fully complies with all legal and other requirements applicable to the ISMS. This is because the certification body does not have the authority or the responsibility to verify the legal compliance of the organisation, as this is outside the scope of ISO/IEC 27001:2022. The certification body only evaluates the conformity of the organisation’s ISMS with the requirements of the standard, which include the establishment of a process to identify and evaluate the legal and other requirements that are relevant to the ISMS. The organisation is responsible for ensuring its own legal compliance and for providing evidence of such compliance to the certification body if requested. References: = ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 6.1.3; ISO/IEC 27006:2022, clause 9.2.2.4; PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 29.

Question # 7

Scenario 8: EsBank provides banking and financial solutions to the Estonian banking sector since September 2010. The company has a network of 30 branches with over 100 ATMs across the country. Operating in a highly regulated industry, EsBank must comply with many laws and regulations regarding the security and privacy of data. They need to manage information security across their operations by implementing technical and nontechnical controls. EsBank decided to implement an ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001 because it provided better security, more risk control, and compliance with key requirements of laws and regulations. Nine months after the successful implementation of the ISMS, EsBank decided to pursue certification of their ISMS by an independent certification body against ISO/IEC 27001 .The certification audit included all of EsBank’s systems, processes, and technologies. The stage 1 and stage 2 audits were conducted jointly and several nonconformities were detected. The first nonconformity was related to EsBank’s labeling of information. The company had an information classification scheme but there was no information labeling procedure. As a result, documents requiring the same level of protection would be labeled differently (sometimes as confidential, other times sensitive). Considering that all the documents were also stored electronically, the nonconformity also impacted media handling. The audit team used sampling and concluded that 50 of 200 removable media stored sensitive information mistakenly classified as confidential. According to the information classification scheme, confidential information is allowed to be stored in removable media, whereas storing sensitive information is strictly prohibited. This marked the other nonconformity. They drafted the nonconformity report and discussed the audit conclusions with EsBank’s representatives, who agreed to submit an action plan for the detected nonconformities within two months. EsBank accepted the audit team leader's proposed solution. They resolved the nonconformities by drafting a procedure for information labeling based on the classification scheme for both physical and electronic formats. The removable media procedure was also updated based on this procedure. Two weeks after the audit completion, EsBank submitted a general action plan. There, they addressed the detected nonconformities and the corrective actions taken, but did not include any details on systems, controls, or operations impacted. The audit team evaluated the action plan and concluded that it would resolve the nonconformities. Yet, EsBank received an unfavorable recommendation for certification. Based on the scenario above, answer the following question: According to scenario 8, the audit team evaluated the action plan and concluded that it would resolve the detected nonconformities. Is this acceptable?
A. Yes. the audit team must evaluate the action plan and verify if it is appropriate for correcting the detected nonconformities
B. Yes, only if EsBank has previously verified the effectiveness of the action plan and informed the audit team that the action plan allows the correction of nonconformities
C. No, the auditee should verify if the action plan allows the correction of nonconformities and elimination of the root causes

A. Yes. the audit team must evaluate the action plan and verify if it is appropriate for correcting the detected nonconformities

Explanation:

Yes, the audit team must evaluate the action plan and verify if it is appropriate for correcting the detected nonconformities. This is part of the auditor's responsibilities to ensure that the proposed actions adequately address the issues identified during the audit.

Question # 8

You are carrying out a third-party surveillance audit of a client's ISMS. You are currently in the secure storage area of the data centre where the organisation's customers are able to temporarily locate equipment coming into or going out of the site. The equipment is contained within locked cabinets and each cabinet is allocated to a single, specific client. Out of the corner of your eye you spot movement near the external door of the storage area. This is followed by a loud noise. You ask the guide what is going on. They tell you that recent high rainfall has raised local river levels and caused an infestation of rats. The noise was a specialist pest control stunning device being triggered. You check the device in the corner and find there is a large immobile rat contained within it. What three actions would be appropriate to take next?
A. Take no further action. This is an ISMS audit, not an environmental management system audit
B. Investigate whether pest infestation is an identified risk and if so, what risk treatment is to be applied
C. Determine whether the high levels of rainfall have had other impacts on data centre operations e.g. damage to infrastructure, access issues for clients, invocation of business continuity arrangements
D. Raise a nonconformity against control 7.4 Physical Security monitoring
E. Raise a nonconformity against control 7.2 Physical Entry

B. Investigate whether pest infestation is an identified risk and if so, what risk treatment is to be applied
C. Determine whether the high levels of rainfall have had other impacts on data centre operations e.g. damage to infrastructure, access issues for clients, invocation of business continuity arrangements

Explanation:

The appropriate actions to take next are to investigate whether pest infestation is an identified risk and if so, what risk treatment is to be applied, to determine whether the high levels of rainfall have had other impacts on data centre operations, and to check with the guide that they intend to initiate the organisation’s information security incident process. These actions are relevant to the ISMS audit objectives and criteria, as they relate to the organisation’s risk assessment and treatment, security performance, and incident management processes. The other actions are either not within the scope of the ISMS audit, not required by the ISO/IEC 27001 standard, or not the responsibility of the auditor. References: PECB Candidate Handbook1, page 21-22; ISO/IEC 27001:2022 (en)2, clauses 6.1, 8.2, 9.1, and 10.2.

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PECB ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor Exam Dumps

Exam Name: PECB Certified ISO/IEC 27001 2022 Lead Auditor exam
Certification Name: ISO 27001

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